Clifford's Tower

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The keep, known by the name of Clifford's Tower, still exists and is an unusual example of a quatrefoil keep built on top of a Norman motte. It was believed to have been built by William the Conqueror, but the architecture indicates a somewhat later age. The name Clifford's Tower derives from the Lords Clifford who were the ancient wardens of the castle.

Clifford's Tower occupies a high artificial mount, thrown up with prodigious labour, and surrounded with a massive stone wall. It corresponds with the Old Bailey on the opposite side of the Ouse and it is generally thought to be of Roman or Saxon origin.

The tower was formerly defended by a deep moat, drawbridge, and palisades; the former is circular; it terminates in machicolations, and has its outer walls strengthened with circular turrets.

Clifford's Tower in time fell to decay; and Leland found it in a ruinous state in the reign of Henry VIII. But at the start of the civil wars between Charles I. and his Parliament, this tower was completely repaired and fortified.

The royal arms and those of the Cliffords were placed over the entrance. On the top a platform was set up, on which several pieces were mounted; a garrison was appointed for its defence, and Colonel Sir Francis Cobb was its governor during the siege of the city.

Among the batteries then opened was one of Lamel Mill Hill, from which four pieces of cannon played incessantly on Clifford's Tower and the castle.

Next page: The King and York

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